robot yang berperilaku seperti manusia

Selainitu tujuan utama dari robot Curiosity adalah memeriksa bahan utama yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan seperti fosfor, oksigen dan nitrogen. Robot ini berperan dalam membantu manusia dalam penelitian Mars dan merupakan robot dengan bahan bakar nuklir yang menjadi robot tercanggih yang diciptakan oleh NASA. 15. Berdasarkananalisisnya, manusia bisa jadi menikah dengan robot sekitar tahun 2025. "Sebelum 2025, bukan sesudahnya," kata dia, sebagaimana dilaporkan Geek dan dihimpun , Kamis (22/12/2016). Lendir memiliki sifat viskoelastis yang berarti bahwa kadang-kadang berperilaku seperti padat, kadang-kadang berperilaku seperti cairan," terang Prof Li Zhang dari Chinese University of Hong Kong, salah satu pencipta robot slime. Slime mengandung partikel magnetik sehingga dapat dimanipulasi untuk bergerak, berputar, atau membentuk bentuk. vSekarang guna idea baru - kepintaran pada robot yang membenarkan ia "berfikiran bijak v Analogi robot adalah terhad - robot yang tidak menyerupai dan tidak berperilaku seperti manusia tetapi ianya adalah mesin satu lengan yang selalunya beroperasi dari satu lokasi tetap dalam kilang. 2.0 STRUKTUR ASAS (ANATOMY) ROBOT SejarahRoboti ka di Indonesia Kata "robot" diambil dari bahasa Ceko (Chech), yang memiliki arti "pekerja" (worker). Robot merupakan suatu perangkat mekanik yang mampu menjalankan tugas-tugas fisik, baik di bawah kendali dan pengawasan manusia, ataupun yang dijalankan dengan serangkaian program yang telah didefinisikan terlebih dahulu atau kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence). Mag Je Flirten Als Je Een Relatie Hebt. People Are Robots, Too. Almost This tiny 3-Dimensional Artificial Neural Network, modeled after neural networks in the human brain, is helping machines better visualize their surroundings. Popular culture has long pondered the question, "If it looks like a human, walks like a human and talks like a human, is it human?" So far the answer has been no. Robots can't cry, bleed or feel like humans, and that's part of what makes them different. But what if they could think like humans? Biologically inspired robots aren't just an ongoing fascination in movies and comic books; they are being realized by engineers and scientists all over the world. While much emphasis is placed on developing physical characteristics for robots, like functioning human-like faces or artificial muscles, engineers in the Telerobotics Research and Applications Group at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., are among those working to program robots with forms of artificial intelligence similar to human thinking processes. Why Would They Want to Do That? "The way robots function now, if something goes wrong, humans modify their programming code and reload everything, then hope it eventually works," said JPL robotics engineer Barry Werger. "What we hope to do eventually is get robots to be more independent and learn to adjust their own programming." The Mars Exploration Rovers will use basic forms of behavior-based control to perform certain tasks autonomously on the surface of Mars. Here, a rover's mobility system is tested with a variety of ramps. Related Links + Rover home page Scientists and engineers take several approaches to control robots. The two extreme ends of the spectrum are called "deliberative control" and "reactive control." The former is the traditional, dominant way in which robots function, by painstakingly constructing maps and other types of models that they use to plan sequences of action with mathematical precision. The robot performs these sequences like a blindfolded pirate looking for buried treasure; from point A, move 36 paces north, then 12 paces east, then 4 paces northeast to point X; thar be the gold. The downside to this is that if anything interrupts the robot's progress for example, if the map is wrong or lacks detail, the robot must stop, make a new map and a new plan of actions. This re-planning process can become costly if repeated over time. Also, to ensure the robot's safety, back-up programs must be in place to abort the plan if the robot encounters an unforeseen rock or hole that may hinder its journey. "Reactive" approaches, on the other hand, get rid of maps and planning altogether and focus on live observation of the environment. Slow down if there's a rock ahead. Dig if you see a big X on the ground. The JPL Telerobotics Research and Applications Group, led by technical group supervisor Dr. Homayoun Seraji, focuses on "behavior-based control," which lies toward the "reactive" end of the spectrum. Behavior-based control allows robots to follow a plan while staying aware of the unexpected, changing features of their environment. Turn right when you see a red rock, go all the way down the hill and dig right next to the palm tree; thar be the gold. Behavior-based control allows the robot a great deal of flexibility to adapt the plan to its environment as it goes, much as a human does. This presents a number of advantages in space exploration, including alleviating the communication delay that results from operating distant rovers from Earth. How Do They Do It? Seraji's group at JPL focuses on two of the many approaches to implementing behavior-based control fuzzy logic and neural networks. The main difference between the two systems is that robots using fuzzy logic perform with a set knowledge that doesn't improve; whereas, robots with neural networks start out with no knowledge and learn over time. Fuzzy Logic Rovers can be trained by humans, in a laboratory environment, how to recognize and move through difficult terrain. The learned skill can then be applied when deployed at a distant site, such as the martian surface. "Fuzzy logic rules are a way of expressing actions as a human would, with linguistic instead of mathematical commands; for example, when one person says to another person, 'It's hot in here,' the other person knows to either open the window or turn up the air conditioning. That person wasn't told to open the window, but he or she knew a rule such as 'when it is hot, do something to stay cool,'" said Seraji, a leading expert in robotic control systems who was recently recognized as the most published author in the Journal of Robotic Systems' 20-year history. By incorporating fuzzy logic into their engineering technology, robots can function in a humanistic way and respond to visual or audible signals, or in the case of the above example, turn on the air conditioning when it thinks the room is hot. Neural Networks Neural networks are tools that allow robots to learn from their experiences, associate perceptions with actions and adapt to unforeseen situations or environments. "The concepts of 'interesting' and 'rocky' are ambiguous in nature, but can be learned using neural networks," said JPL robotics research engineer Dr. Ayanna Howard, who specializes in artificial intelligence and creates intelligent technology for space applications. "We can train a robot to know that if it encounters rocky surfaces, then the terrain is hazardous. Or if the rocky surface has interesting features, then it may have great scientific value." Neural networks mimic the human brain in that they simulate a large network of simple elements, similar to brain cells, that learn through being presented with examples. A robot functioning with such a system learns somewhat like a baby or a child does, only at a slower rate. "We can easily tell a robot that a square is an equilateral object with four sides, but how do we describe a cat?" Werger said. "With neural networks, we can show the robot many examples of cats, and it will later be able to recognize cats in general." Similarly, a neural network can 'learn' to classify terrain if a geologist shows it images of many types of terrain and associates a label with each one. When the network later sees an image of a terrain it hasn't seen before, it can determine whether the terrain is hazardous or safe based on its lessons. Robotics for Today and Tomorrow With continuous advances in robotic methods like behavior-based control, future space missions might be able to function without relying heavily on human commands. On the home front, similar technology is already used in many practical applications such as digital cameras, computer programs, dishwashers, washing machines and some car engines. The post office even uses neural networks to read handwriting and sort mail. "Does this mean robots in the near future will think like humans? No," Werger said. "But by mimicking human techniques, they could become easier to communicate with, more independent, and ultimately more efficient." JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif. Media Contact Charli Schuler 818 393-5467 NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory Robot yang tampak dan berperilaku seperti manusia merupakan salah satu terobosan teknologi yang semakin berkembang di Indonesia. Robot ini mampu menirukan gerakan dan ekspresi manusia, bahkan mampu berinteraksi dengan manusia secara alami. Kehadiran robot semacam ini tentu memberikan dampak positif bagi kehidupan manusia. Robot semacam ini dapat digunakan dalam berbagai bidang, seperti industri, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan hiburan. Misalnya saja dalam bidang kesehatan, robot ini dapat membantu dalam proses terapi bagi pasien yang mengalami gangguan mental. Dalam bidang pendidikan, robot ini dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang interaktif dan menarik bagi siswa. Tantangan dalam Pengembangan Robot Seperti Manusia Meski demikian, pengembangan robot yang tampak dan berperilaku seperti manusia juga menghadapi berbagai tantangan. Salah satunya adalah menciptakan teknologi yang mampu menirukan gerakan dan ekspresi manusia secara sempurna. Selain itu, robot semacam ini juga harus mampu berinteraksi dengan manusia secara alami, sehingga pengembangannya memerlukan waktu dan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Masa Depan Robot Seperti Manusia Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, robot yang tampak dan berperilaku seperti manusia diprediksi akan semakin berkembang dan menjadi bagian dari kehidupan manusia. Robot semacam ini akan semakin banyak digunakan dalam berbagai bidang, seperti industri, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan hiburan. Namun, perlu diingat bahwa kehadiran robot semacam ini tidak dapat menggantikan peran manusia secara total, melainkan hanya sebagai alat bantu dalam meningkatkan produktivitas dan kenyamanan hidup manusia. Kesimpulan Robot yang tampak dan berperilaku seperti manusia merupakan terobosan teknologi yang semakin berkembang di Indonesia. Meski menghadapi berbagai tantangan, robot semacam ini memiliki banyak keuntungan dan potensi besar dalam berbagai bidang. Dalam masa depan, penggunaan robot semacam ini diprediksi akan semakin banyak, namun perlu diingat bahwa kehadiran robot semacam ini hanya sebagai alat bantu, bukan pengganti peran manusia secara total. Pos terkaitJawaban IPA Kelas 9 Semester 2 Halaman 36Hasil Kerja Sama dan Hubungan Antar Sesama Negara Anggota ASEAN AdalahMazmur 147 Ayat 3 Menyembuhkan yang HancurUntuk Permulaan Latihan yang Diperhatikan AdalahTeks dalam Selebaran Iklan Termasuk ke Dalam Jenis TeksBismillah Tawassalna Billah Lirik Arab Lima abad sejak pertama kali diciptakan, kecanggihan robot makin menggila’. Tak hanya tampilannya yang makin mirip dengan manusia, perannya juga mulai menggantikan tugas penciptanya. Foto Plastiques Photography, courtesy of the Science Museum Humans have emotions such as happiness, sadness, fear, and anger; and maybe other animals have them too. Robots are getting increasingly smarter, for example, the driverless cars that are now navigating city streets. What would it take to make a robot emotional, and would we ever want them to have that capacity? According to obsolete ideas, rationality and emotion are fundamentally opposed because rationality is a cold, calculating practice using deductive logic, probabilities, and utilities. But there is abundant evidence from psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics that cognition and emotion are intertwined in the human mind and brain. Although there are cases where emotions make people irrational, for example when a person loves an abusive spouse, there are many other cases where good decisions depend on our emotional reactions to situations. Emotions help people to decide what is important and to integrate complex information into crucial decisions. So it might be useful to try to make a robot that has emotions too. Another reason for wanting emotional robots is the prospect that they will be used to look after human beings, as is increasingly common with old people in Japan. Having robots with emotions might make them better at understanding and caring for people. Moreover, as robots became become more capable of autonomous actions, there is a greater need to ensure that they act ethically. We want robots on highways and battlefields to act in the interests of human beings, just as good people do. But ethics is not just a matter of cold calculation, needing to take into account emotional processes such as caring and empathy. The emotional makeup of human brains makes us capable of caring about other people and understanding them empathically. So if robots are going to be ethical in the way that people are, they need emotions. Estimating the feasibility of making robots emotional depends on understanding what makes people emotional. There are currently three main theories about human emotions, based on appraisal, physiology, and social construction. The cognitive appraisal theory says that emotions are judgments about the relevance of the current situation to a person's goals. For example, if someone gives you $1 million then you will probably be happy because the money can help you to satisfy your goals of surviving, having fun, and looking after your family. Robots are already capable of doing at least a version of appraisal, for example when a driverless car calculates the best way of getting from its current location to where it is supposed to be. If emotions were just appraisals, then robot emotions would be just around the corner. However, human emotions also depend on physiology. Responses such as being happy to get a pile of money are tied in with physiological changes such as heartbeat, breathing rate, and levels of hormones such as cortisol. Because robots are made of metal and plastic, it is highly unlikely that they will ever have the kinds of inputs from bodies that help to determine the experiences that people have, the feelings that are much more than mere judgments. On the theory that emotions are physiological perceptions, robots will probably never have human emotions, because they will never have human bodies. It might be possible to simulate physiological inputs, but the complexity of the signals that people get from all of their organs makes this unlikely. For example, the digestive tract contains 100 million neurons that send signals via the vagus nerve to the brain, based on the activities of billions of stomach cells and bacteria. The third prevalent theory of emotions is that they are social constructions, dependent on language and other cultural institutions. For example, when $1 million falls into your hands, your response will depend very much on the language with which you describe your windfall and the expectations of the culture in which you operate. If robots ever get good at language and form complex relationships with other robots and humans, then they might have emotions influenced by culture. I think that these three theories of emotions are complementary rather than conflicting, and the new semantic pointer theory of emotions shows how to combine them in brain mechanisms. Robots are already being built that have some of these brain mechanisms operating on neuromorphic chips, which are computer chips that mimic the brain by implementing millions of neurons. So maybe robots could get some approximation to human emotions through a combination of appraisals with respect to goals, rough physiological approximations, and linguistic/cultural sophistication, all bound together in semantic pointers. Then robots wouldn't get human emotions exactly, but maybe some approximation would perform the contributions of emotions for humans. The result would be important for worries about the future of humanity, as robots and intelligent computers become more prominent. One of the main concerns about the possibility of fully intelligent and independent robots is that they may act only in their own interests and therefore become harmful to humans. Building robots capable of caring about us might be one way of forestalling technological disaster. Unfortunately, by that time robots will be building robots, and they may prefer to sidestep emotions in favor of their own unpredictable goals.

robot yang berperilaku seperti manusia